Works such as retaining-walls, piers, and wharves.



S. L. RAVIER.

WORKS SUCH AS RETAINING WAL'LS, PIERS, AND WHARVES. "APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24, 1916. 1,270,659.

RENEWED APR. 3.19m.

Pntentvd June 25, 1918.

SYLVAIN LOUIE RAVIER. Ell? PARIS, FRANCE.

WDRKS sUUH AS RE'L'XIIN'ING-W'A'LllS, PIERS, AND 'WHARVES.

Application filed February 554, 1916, Serial No 80,143.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that l, SYLVADT Louis .Rnyipn, a citizen oi" the French Republic. residing at Paris, France, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Works Such as Retaining-Walls, Piers, and

VVharves, of which'the following is a full,

. clear, and exact specification.

shown in Fig. '5.

This invention relates to improveutlents in the method and means of reinforcing retaining walls and piers.

The object of the invention is to provide simple and economical means "for reinforcing banks without undue digging or removal of thebank to be strengthened.

The invention also comprehends improvements in the features to be hereinafter described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings: liigure 1 is a vertical section of a bank illustrating one application of the invention.

Fig. 2- is a top plan view of the same.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, but illustrating another form of the invention.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the form Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 1. of a still further form of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a detail vertical section of a .modified form of pile.

In carrying out my invention, 1 first drive a plurality of interlocking piles 1. adjacent the face of the bank 2 oi the stream, as shown in the drawings. The piles .may be of any suitable interlocking type, and as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, they comprise inner and outer sets 3 and 4:, each having end flanges 5. The flanges 5 of: the

outer set of piles 3 fit over the flanges of the inner set of piles 4, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.

The piles 7, shown in Figs. 3 to 6, are of the reinforced concrete type, the invention being applicable to this form of pile, as well as the metal piles shown in Figs. 1' and 2.

Referring specifically to Figs. 1 and E2. the piles of the set 3, are each formed with a series of openings 8, through which tubes 9 are passed. These tubes extend at an incline with reference to the vertical piles and are each provided with a head 10, which engages the front faces of the piles. The

fpeciflcetion of Letters Patent.

Patented June 25, 1918.

Renewedrlpril 18, 1818i Serial No, 229,414.

tubes are open at their inner ends and may be 'icritoratcd. as indicated at 11. After the tubes are forced through the openings and into the earth, they are filled with concrete. The concrete is forced through the perforations 11, and out the open bottom, which with the frictional engagement of the walls of the tubes and the earth, form anchors.

These anchoring members hold the outer set of piles in place, and because of the interlocking flanges, the inner set, of piles t are held against outward movement.

The tubular members 1:3. shown in Fir. 3, are formed with a reduced portion 16, provided with flanges 17, beveled on their inner ends at 18. In this form. of the invention, the head 19 is embedded in the concrete 20 oil the reinforced pile, and when in place the flanges serve to act with the (011' crete as an anchor to hold the piles in place.

.ln Fig. 5 l have shown a tube embedded in the concrete of the pile. and a pipe 22 which extends above the surface of the stream. By this means. the tube. after being driven into the earth, can be tilled with concrete above the water. As the concrete is introduced tamped, the pipe is withdrawn.

The piles may he provided with enlarged portions H3 at the points where the openings are formed, which form seats for the heads of the tubes, as shown in Fig. 6.

In use I prefer to drive the piles without removing the earth at the front. When the piles are driven down su'lliciently, the earth in the stream at the front oi the piles is re moved to a point below the topmost openings. Then a tube is driven into the earth by any suitable means. For instance, a boring tool may be inserted in the tube, and. as it makes the hole the tube is forced in place, the earth being withdrawn at the top of the tube during the operation. After the tube is positioned, the concrete introduced in any approved manner. It desired it may be introduced through the tube 22. After the topmost tube is tilled with concrete. the earth at the front of the pile is further removed to expose anothe opening and the same operation is carried on.

By this improved method and construction of reinforcing piles, it is evident the invention can be economically practised, and that I am enabled to anchor the piles with driven'protected concrete members without first 'removing all the earth at the rear of the structure.-

What I claim is 1. The herein described process of strengthening earth walls consisting in driving interlocking piles adjacent the face of the wall of earthfto be strengthened, and then driving .anch'oring members at an inclination to the piles through openings formed in said piles and into the earth in rear of the piles.

2. Theherein described process of strength ening earth walls consisting in driv'in interlocking piles adjacent the face of the wall of earth to be strengthened, then driving tubes through the piles into the wall of earth and at an angle to the piles, and ,fore ing concrete into the tubes to form anchors .to hold the piles in interlocked position.

3. Theherein described process of strengthen ing earth walls consisting in driving piles adjacent, the face of the wall .of earth to be strengthened, then driving perforated tubes {through the piles into the wall of e'arth and at an angle to the piles, and forcing concrete into the tubes and through the perforations 'to-forma plurality ofconcrete crete through the second mentioned tube to the first mentioned tube and Withdrawing the second mentioned tube asfthe concrete fillsthe first mentioned tube, further removing earth from the front of the piles, I 4 and inserting tubes filledwith concrete other of the perforations in the piles. I

5; Theherein described method of strengthening earth walls of streams consisting in driving a plurality of interlocked piles formed with openings, removing -aportion of the earth from the front of the piles, driving an inclined anchoring member through the opening exposed by the removal of the earth and into the earth in rear of the piles, subsequently removing'a further portion of the earth in front of the.

piles to expose other openings, and subsequently driving other inclined anchoring members through the openings and into the earth in rear of the piles.

,6. In wall strengthening means, the combination of a plurality of substantially vertical piles adjacent the face ofthe wall of 'earth to be strengthened, said piles having openings, and tubes driven through the openings and into the wall of earth in rear of the piles, said tubes being filled with concrete to form anchors for the piles.

7. In wall strengthening means, the combinatlon of a plurality of substantially verdriven through the openings and into the wall of earth in rear of the piles, said tubes being filled with concrete which projects through the perforations in the tubes and forms anchors for the piles. v

lVitness my signature this 8th day of February, 1916. the first mentioned tube and feeding con- {SYLVAIN Louis RAVIE R. In presence ofl CHAS. 1?. PREssnY, ANGE BERTHYIN.

tical piles adjacent the face of the wall of 1 earth to be strengthened, said plles having I openings, 1 and headed perforated tubes 

